Chicago Tribune from Chicago, Illinois • 5

Section 1 Nationworld Wary Poles sidestep unions new or old Clucago "Inoune, Sunday. May 1. 1983 regularly to make themselves avail' able for questions. Ladno and Chocholak played down the question of benefits a worker might gain by joining the unions. As they described it, the primary per-, quisites are cash bonuses paid from union funds to individual members on such occasions as marriage, the birth of a child or a death in the family.

BUT THE PAYMENTS are rela-' tively small, $275 for the birth of a child or $375 for the death of a member. Pressed for more details, Ladno -said bis union also would "make representations and offer other serv ices" to its members. That, many 1 v. unions laid down the regulations governing the new unions, which must be limited to individual workplaces and may not embrace entire regions or trades, as the independent unions of the hectic 1980-81 period did. Only in 1984 will authorities permit the organization of multiplant groupings within the same industry.

Among other things, the October law sharply curtails the worker's right to strike, although at least technically it gives the unions authority to back up grievances with a work stoppage. According to Chocholak, organizers have had more success so far in smaller shops. LARGER FACTORIES were the backbone of Solidarity, which presumably has slowed organization efforts there. Kasprzak, one of the 10 largest plants in Poland's electronics industry, appeared to be typical. Ladno and about 20 colleagues set out last October, as soon as the enabling legislation was approved by the parliament, or Sejm, to organize their union.

By Jan. 4 it had official registration, and its 100 members then voted to make Ladno their head. He said he was not a Communist Party member and had never joined Solidarity. But he was active in one of Kasprzak's old, Communist-dominated branch unions. Ladno says the new union does not recruit openly because its leaders don't "want to give the impression we are agitating." Rather, informational broadcasts are presented weekly on the in-house radio station outlining the benefits of membership.

He and other full-time union workers also walk through the plant any physical abuse, as the new unions' organizers elsewhere have. NOW, HE SAID, it Is mostly a matter of trying in an unobtrusive way to show Kasprzak workers that it would be to their advantage to sign up for his group. "Most working people simply don't trust unions, I mean the old branch government-sponsored ones as well as Solidarity," he said. "People feel they were let down by their unions, so they don't believe the new unions can meet their needs. We run into that sort of resistance all the time." Pawel Chocholak, director of the Polish government's Bureau for Cooperation with the Trade Unions, also concedes that post-Solidarity workers are being "very cautious in their approach to the new labor organizations.

''People are waiting and watching," he said. "They want to see what happens before they do anything." Still, Chocholak presents figures that seem remarkably optimistic in light of Ladno's experience. He says unions have been registered for. 10,000 of the 40,000 eligible workplaces in this country, and new unions are being set up in 20,000, more. OFFICIAL UNION membership, he claims, had reached 2.2 million by mid-April, although he concedes that 20 percent of the members are re- -tired people.

Government spokesman Jerzy Urban has forecast that the unions will, embrace by the end of this year about 4 million of Poland's 14 million workers. By comparison, Solidarity claimed 9.5 million The same legislation that swept away Solidarity and all previous 'f -V I a i --X a.i -J i By Howard A. Tyner Chicago Tribune WARSAW During the heyday of Solidarity a few years ago, the Kasprzak electronics assembly plant on Warsaw's west side was a solid union shop. About 80 percent of the factory's 6,000 workers were members of the independent labor movement. All the non-Solidarity employees belonged to government-sponsored unions.

But times have changed, and Jerzy Ladno knows it better than most. Lean, dark-haired and in blue jeans, Ladno, 27, spent almost six years at Kasprzak working as a tape recorder inspector and repairman in the quality control unit. Now he is in charge of the new official union that is supposed to fill the breach left when Solidarity and all its affiliates were outlawed by an act of parliament last October. Ladno's job is probably one of the toughest in Poland these days. "AT THE MOMENT we don't have a satisfactory number of members; it's relatively small," he confessed with remarkable candor! "But we hope by the end of the year to make some significant gains." After nearly seven months of organizing, Ladno has little to boast about.

His new union has a membership of about 200, of whom 60 are retirees. "No one expected it to be easy," he said with a shrug. Last October the Solidarity underground called on workers to boycott the new unions. Still, Ladno no longer gets threatening telephone calls from people who want Solidarity restored. He said he had not been subjected to Oamma- Liaison photo Workers at the Lenin Shipyards in Gdansk, the former Solidarity stronghold: Getting members for the government union set up to replace Solidarity isn't easy, admits a shop leader fpr the new union.

5 Walesa aides seized in May Day crackdown Make Mom's Day A Fragrance Discovery With Five Halston Treasures. Hers For 10.00 With Any Halston Purchase. 1 ti' i XYp--; 4 i I Inn I nonunion iiiemoers ouy, io wiiciv wvt catch ultimately will lie. "Suppose one of our members wants a new apartment," Ladno ex-. plained, "or maybe he is trying to organize with friends to get a piece of land on which to build a coopers- tive house.

Then we will intervene with local authorities on their behalf." POLISH SOURCES who oppose the government unions have said they expect this pattern of "negative in- centive" to grow if membership does not live up to the government's ex-' pectations. What it means is that various benefits that are indispens-' able in such a heavily bureaucra-tized society as Poland simply would not be available to anyone who didn't join. Ladno said he was jure that would never be the case. Meanwhile, he said, he was more concerned with signing up more members and im- proving work conditions at the plant. Mother's Day memorables: Halston and Halston Night lor her, Halston's 1-12 and Z-14 for the man in her life.

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Sign up to win Mother's Day gifts at all our stores. Drawings held May 7. Tower Place and Oakbrook. IN A DEFIANT May Day statement, Warsaw Solidarity underground leader Zbigniew Bujak said, "By today there was to have been no underground, but it exists and will persist because the underground is the repository of democracy and of all our aspirations." In Warsaw, hundreds of trucks filled with riot police cruised the "streets Saturday, and dozens of water cannons were moved into strategic positions. Extra patrols of police officers, carrying only sidearms instead of their usual automatic weapons, mingled in downtown Warsaw with crowds enjoying sunny, spring weather.

Police towed parked cars away from historic Old Town, where the Solidarity underground has urged supporters to demonstrate Sunday morning after mass. The cars were moved apparently so police could easily disperse any demonstrators. City crews bedecked streets with red and white national flags and red Communist Party banners. TRAVELERS arriving in the capital from Lublin and Bialystok in eastern Poland said there were heavy police patrols that made many identity checks in those cities. Warsaw police tested new Polish-made Fiat police cars at an automobile factory, paying particular attention to the loudspeakers on the roof, blaring "Please disperse!" over and over, booming the order across an empty parking lot.

The government, planning its own May Day parades, has warned Solidarity supporters not to demonstrate. State-run newspapers Saturday carried front-page exhortations to "fight against the forces of destruction and confrontation." Polish officials fear mass demonstrations because May Day falls on a Sunday, when millions of Poles attend church. Roman Catholic leaders, who have urged the government to revive Solidarity, last week rejected a government request that they cancel Sunday masses. Last year on May Day, Solidarity activists staged their own parades and tougnt police in more tnan a dozen cities. blast volcano misses villages though many analysts believe that the party's hopes are exaggerated.

The eruption of Mt. Etna began March 28. Fiery lava from Europe's highest and most active volcano has destroyed a cable car system, ski lifts, forestry lodges, tourism installations and dozens of vacation cottages on the upper slopes. The creeping advance now threatens villages of Nicolosi, Bel-passo and Ragalna on the volcano's southern slopes. UNDER THE plan outlined by Fortuna, bulldozers will dig a canal 3 yards deep and 7 yards wide starting near the 12 small craters that are erupting about 2,000 feet up the volcano.

When the artificial channel is ready, explosives will blast the rocky divide through which lava is gushing. Officials hope to steer the lava into the artificial channel and away from the threatened Bulldozers also will erect long dikes farther down the slopes to steer the lava. Fortuna said that the operation would start immediately and that work would continue for six or seven days. He did not say when he expected the explosives to be used. Rom Chicago Tribune wires GDANSK, Poland Police seized scores of suspected Solidarity activists here ana in Warsaw, including five of Lech Walesa's aides, and tightened security Saturday on the eve of May Day protests called by the outlawed union's underground leaders.

said that despite the police action, he planned to "actively participate" in events Sunday in Gdansk. He did not elaborate, but he is expected to attend mass at St. Brygida's Church near -the shipyard where he helped organize Solidarity nearly three years ago. St. Brygida's priest, Rev.

Henryk Jankowski, said, "Many people have been taken into custody in my parish during the last few days. I can't give you any figures today, because I don't want to cause panic." Here and in Warsaw, officers rounded up scores of suspected demonstrators and told relatives that the suspects would be released after May Day. Polish law allows detention without charge for 48 hours. WALESA'S WIFE, Danuta, said, "About a dozen people around Lech Were detained." It was the third consecutive day that Walesa's aides have been questioned. Walesa said police interrogated his secretary, Bozena Rybicka, and bodyguard, Henryk Mazul.

Also detained, said a Walesa spokesman, was Rybicka's brother, Aram; an aide, Adam Kinaszewski; and Gdansk Solidarity leader Zygmunt Maruszczyk. Bozena Rybicka and Mazul were released later Saturday, but Kinaszewski remained in custody, Walesa said. There was no word on the whereabouts of the other two. Police made no move against Walesa himself, who spent the day' fishing with his children. Walesa, his wife and the half-dozen Solidarity loyalists who assist him have been questioned by police repeatedly since he met with five fugitive union strategists April 9 through 11 and indirectly endorsed a plan to sponsor antigovernment protests on May Day, a major holiday in communist countries.

Italy plans to so Etna's lava ROME UPI The Italian government Saturday approved an attempt to save three Sicilian villages from destruction by diverting the lava flow from Mt. Etna with explosives. "It is the first time in the world this technique has been tried," Loris Fortune, minister of civil protection, said after the Cabinet approved the plan in an emergency session. "An intervention of the kind was tried in Hawaii in the past but with aerial bombardment from high up, which was imprecise," Fortune said. I The government Prime Minister Amintore Fanfani, 75, which resigned Friday but remains in a caretaker capacity, gave Fortuna authority to procede with the operation.

It will cost about $4.8 million. PRESIDENT Sandra Pertinl consulted with political leaders Saturday but had little hope of patching up Fanfani's coalition. He probably will call elections for June 26, nearly a year ahead of schedule. The government fell Friday when the Socialists pulled out, leaving Fanfani without a majority in Parliament. The Socialists quit because they think they can gain in elections and.

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